Understanding your risks for breast cancer better prepares you to manage your health. Most women have some risk factors, but not all risks have the same implications.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says factors that may increase your risk for developing breast cancer include:
- A history of breast cancer on either side of your family
- Mutations in your breast cancer-related genes (such as BRCA1 and 2)
- Using long-term hormone replacement therapy, especially after five years
- A history of chest wall radiation treatment
- A history of some proliferative breast conditions
- Having multiple biopsies in the past or dense breasts on mammography
- Being overweight, especially after menopause
All women, even those without symptoms or high-risk factors, should begin to have yearly screening mammograms beginning at age 40, according to the American Cancer Society. Mammograms (X-rays of the breasts) can detect lumps or tumors that cannot be detected through breast exams alone.
If You Have High-Risk Factor
Many University of Maryland Medical System (UMMS) hospitals utilize the Cancer Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) program to define these risks and provide information aimed at reducing future problems.
Patients that are determined to be high-risk receive individual risk analysis, consultation, ongoing follow-up and surveillance to monitor current and future breast concerns. This includes recommendations for timing of mammograms, exams, prevention plans, lifestyle improvements
Another evaluation tool is genetic counseling, which provides information and support to people who have or may be at risk for genetic mutations that can increase the risk of certain cancers.
If You’ve Found a Lump
If you’ve found a lump in your breast during an exam or a screening mammogram, your doctor will recommend testing to determine whether it’s benign or cancerous.
A variety of tests can find or diagnose breast cancer, such as a breast ultrasound (sonogram), a diagnostic mammogram to produce a more detailed X-ray; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to make a detailed picture of the inside of the breast; or a biopsy to remove breast tissue or fluid for further testing.
Depending on the results, you may participate in a surveillance program, such as the CARE program, or seek expert cancer treatment.
If You’ve Been Diagnosed With Breast Cancer
If you’re diagnosed with breast cancer, other tests are done to determine its stage—whether cancer cells have spread within the breast or to other parts of the body. The stage of breast cancer informs the course of treatment, which could include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, breast surgery or reconstructive surgery.
For those interested in integrative services, acupuncture services have been found to support those who experience adverse effects to chemotherapy, effects of menopausal hot flashes or to provide relief from stress and encourage healing.
Finding the Right Treatment
Finding a breast center that can offer access to leading treatments and first-class care is essential. Many UMMS’ hospitals are accredited by the National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers, an American College of Surgeons program that recognizes centers that provide the highest standards of care for patients with diseases of the breast.
Many of UMMS’ sites are also part of the University of Maryland Cancer Network, providing patients access to cutting-edge treatments and technologies thanks to the UM Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, one of the nation’s NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers.
Podcast: What to Eat to Help Prevent Cancer
What you eat affects more than just your waistline. By eating the right foods, you can help fight cancer. Get tips from Brooke Sawicki, a registered dietitian at the Tate Cancer Center, including how to eat healthy on a budget.
